Cooling-Tower in all Pakistan at FRPEngineers.com

In a counter-flow Cooling Towers in Pakistan air travels upward through the fill or tube bundles, opposite to the downward motion of the water. In a cross-flow Cooling towers air moves horizontally through the fill as the water moves downward.

In operation the heat flows from the internal fluid circuit, through the tube walls of the coils, to the external circuit and then by heating of the air and evaporation of some of the water, to the atmosphere. Operation of the indirect Cooling Towers in Pakistan is therefore very similar to the open Cooling towers with one exception. The process fluid being cooled is contained in a "closed" circuit and is not directly exposed to the atmosphere or the recirculated external water.

Cooling towers are also characterized by the means by which air is moved. Some water is also lost by droplets being carried out with the exhaust air (drift), but this is typically reduced to a very small amount by installing baffle-like devices, called drift eliminators, to collect the droplets. Mechanical-draft Cooling towers in Pakistan rely on power-driven fans to draw or force the air through the tower. 

Pakistani Cooling Tower – FRP Engineers

A direct, or open circuit Cooling Towers in Pakistan is an enclosed structure with internal means to distribute the warm water fed to it over a labyrinth-like packing or "fill."

The fill provides a vastly expanded air-water interface for heating of the air and evaporation to take place. The water is cooled as it descends through the fill by gravity while in direct contact with air that passes over it. The cooled water is then collected in a cold water basin below the fill from which it is pumped back through the process to absorb more heat. The heated and moisture laden air leaving the fill is discharged to the atmosphere at a point remote enough from the air inlets to prevent its being drawn back into the Cooling towers.

An indirect, or closed circuit Cooling towers involves no direct contact of the air and the fluid, usually water or a glycol mixture, being cooled. Unlike the open cooling tower, the indirect Cooling Towers in Pakistan has two separate fluid circuits. One is an external circuit in which water is recirculated on the outside of the second circuit, which is tube bundles (closed coils) which are connected to the process for the hot fluid being cooled and returned in a closed circuit.

Air is drawn through the recirculating water cascading over the outside of the hot tubes, providing evaporative cooling similar to an open cooling tower.

Lahore Cooling Tower – FRP Engineers

Common applications for cooling towers are providing cooled water for air-conditioning, manufacturing and electric power generation. FRP Engineers have supplied Cooling Towers in Pakistan are designed to handle water streams of only a few gallons of water per minute supplied in small pipes like those might see in a residence, while the largest cool .The heat from the water stream transferred to the air stream raises the air's temperature and its relative humidity to 100%, and this air is discharged to the atmosphere. Evaporative heat rejection devices such as Cooling Towers in Pakistan  commonly used to provide significantly lower water temperatures than achievable with "air cooled" or "dry" heat rejection devices, like the radiator in a car, thereby achieving more cost-effective and energy efficient operation of systems in need of cooling. Think of the times you've seen something hot be rapidly cooled by putting water on it, which evaporates, cooling rapidly, such as an overheated car radiator. The Cooling towers potential of a wet surface is much better than a dry one.

The fill may consist of multiple, mainly vertical, wetted surfaces upon which a thin film of water spreads (film fill), or several levels of horizontal splash elements which create a cascade of many small droplets that have a large combined surface area (splash fill).

Cooling Towers Manufacturers in Lahore, Pakistan | Cooling Towers

A cooling tower is a heat rejection device, which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere though the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.

The type of heat rejection in a Cooling Towers in Pakistan is termed "evaporative" in that it allows a small portion of the water being cooled to evaporate into a moving air stream to provide significant cooling to the rest of that water stream hundreds of thousands of gallons per minute supplied in pipes as much as 15 feet (about 5 meters) in diameter on a large power plant.

The generic term "Cooling towers" is used to describe both direct (open circuit) and indirect (closed circuit) heat rejection equipment.

While most think of a "Cooling towers" as an open direct contact heat rejection device, the indirect cooling tower, sometimes referred to as a "closed circuit cooling tower" is nonetheless also a cooling tower.